2026 / Culture and everyday lifeCulture and everyday lifeПБПHow Coffee Saved Noblewomen from Drunkenness: The Story of Beer-Based Gramatka
How did coffee transform the morning habits of noblewomen in the eighteenth-century Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth? Historian Jędrzej Kitowicz recounts how coffee replaced a traditional beer-based breakfast soup known as gramatka and, in his view, helped curb excessive consumption of strong spirits.
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